Lacerate - meaning and definition. What is Lacerate
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What (who) is Lacerate - definition


lacerate         
  • pollen}}}}
  • splash-cup}}, surrounds the [[antheridia]] and aids in dispersal of sperm.}}
  • hypocarpium}}''' forms below the fruits of ''[[Sassafras albidum]]''.}}
  • Domatia}}''' at the bases of the thorns of ''[[Vachellia drepanolobium]]'', the whistling thorn, with visible access holes}}
  • petioles}}.}}
  • jugum}}''')<br /> E. Base of petiole<br /> F. Petiolary gland<br /> G. Rachis
  • unciform}}'''.}}
  • prickle}}s''' rather than thorns, botanically speaking.}}
  • Moniliform}}''' pods on ''[[Vachellia nilotica]]''}}
  • Maculate}}''' leaves}}
  • herbaceous}} leaves of a ''[[Hypoxis]]'' species.}}
  • radicle}} in a seed of ''[[Erysimum]]'' (formerly ''Cheiranthus'')}}
  • panicle}} composed of minor panicles, some of which are compound in their turn.}}
  • compound palmate}}''' leaf, the leaflets radiating from a central point.}}
  • panicle}}'''.}}
  • Rugose}}''' leaves of ''[[Alocasia]]'' are stiffer than flat leaves of the same size and thickness would be.}}
  • raceme}}.}}
  • peduncles}}'''}}
  • floral tubes}}}}
  • appressed}}''' to the leaf surface.}}
  • spathe}}. The female flowers are around the bottom of the spadix, the male flowers above, and the sterile top part is the major source of pollinator attractants.}}
  • habit}} of the red flowering gum, ''[[Corymbia ficifolia]]'', can attract pollinators such as the honey eater, ''[[Anthochaera chrysoptera]]'', from a considerable distance.}}
  • perforate}}'''.}}
  • pilose}}''' hairs on the stem of ''[[Aquilegia grata]]'' }}
  • pod}}}}
  • Arachnoid}}''' leaves of an unidentified ''[[Gazania]]'' species}}
  • hairs}}.}}
  • pappus}}}}
  • virgate}}''' shoots.}}
  • adelphia}} (bunch).}}
  • falcate}}''' pods; not many falcate anatomical structures are so markedly curved.}}
  • canopy}} that is typical of this species.}}
  • Jugate}}''' leaf of ''Bauhinia glabra'' }}
  • Mast}}''' from beeches on the forest floor}}
  • Berries}}''' of ''[[Olinia ventosa]]'', including a cross-section showing hard seeds in the pulp}}
  • catkin}}s''' of ''[[Betula pendula]]''}}
  • pinna}}''' (or pinnule)}}
  • splash-cup}}s''' with spores that are spread by raindrops.}}
  • axillary}} bud associated with the leaf shows just above the scar.}}
  • habit}}.
  • equitant}}''' leaves enclose later leaves on the stem.}}
  • distichous}}''' leaves.}}
  • bract}}s''' of ''[[Bougainvillea]]'' are commonly mistaken for its petals.}}
  • whorl}}s''' of leaves on ''[[Brabejum stellatifolium]]'' are unusual among trees in its native region.}}
  • habit}}.}}
  • Discolorous}}''' leaves of ''[[Brachylaena discolor]]'' differ in color between their upper and lower surfaces.}}
  • testa}}'''}}
  • Chloroplast}}s''' within the cells of the leaves of the moss ''[[Bryum capillare]]''}}
  • Burr}}s''', fruits of ''[[Arctium]]'' species}}
  • Lignotuber}}s''' of ''[[Lambertia formosa]]'' growing sprouts after a bush fire}}
  • alkaloid}}''' with four nitrogen atoms in its carbon skeleton.}}
  • Callus}}''' tissue of ''[[Nicotiana tabacum]]'' growing on a nutrient medium in [[plant tissue culture]]}}
  • fimbriate}}''' flowers.}}
  • inserted}}''' at the base of the corolla.}}
  • Umbo}}''' in the middle of the cap of ''[[Cantharellula umbonata]]''}}
  • scarious}}''' as tissue paper, but look like live petals for years, so they are known as "Everlastings" and valued for dried arrangements.}}
  • prostrate}}''' plants growing on sand in Sicily, striking root and binding the soil as they grow}}
  • petal}}s}}
  • Chara]] species of [[green algae]]}}
  • Petiolary}}''' glands on the '''petiole''' of a cherry leaf}}
  • callus}}''' of a floret of the grass species ''[[Chrysopogon filipes]]''}}
  • Leaves of some species of ''[[Citrus]]'' have '''winged''' petioles.}}
  • epiphyte}}}}
  • quadrate}}''' cross section.}}
  • albumen}}''' (endosperm) is labelled ''Alb''.}}
  • cataphyll}}s, and one split to show inner structure}}
  • 1985}}}}
  • Decussate}}''' [[phyllotaxis]] of ''[[Crassula rupestris]]''}}
  • cremnophyte}}''' on cliff faces in [[fynbos]].}}
  • capsule}}. The locule walls split at the back, and the valves separate, bearing the septa on their centers.}}
  • nodes}} of the corm. The illustration shows still-living cataphylls as white tissue, whereas the functional, hard, resistant tunic is brown.}}
  • Kidney-shaped}}''' leaf of ''[[Cucurbita maxima]]''}}
  • Tendril}}s''' of ''[[Cucurbita pepo]]'', some supporting the stem on the frame, some failing to find a point of attachment}}
  • cupule}}s''' of [[Fagaceae]]:<br />'''A''': ''[[Quercus rubra]]'' '''B:''' ''[[Quercus trojana]]''<br />'''C:''' ''[[Fagus sylvatica]]'' '''D:''' ''[[Castanea sativa]]''}}
  • coma}}''' bracts}}
  • exalbuminous}}''' seeds}}
  • Unusually dense stand of [[cypress knee]]s around the parent tree}}
  • Fenestrate}}''' leaves of ''[[Darlingtonia californica]]''}}
  • endosperm}}''', its main food supply, which comprises almost all of the rest of the seed.}}
  • decorticating}}''' machine collecting fiber from leaves}}
  • caespitose}}''' growth habit.}}
  • Mesophyll}}''' as seen in the cross section of a dicotyledonous leaf}}A-Lower epidermis<br />B-Lower palisade mesophyll<br />C-Upper epidermis<br />D-Upper palisade mesophyll<br />E- Spongy mesophyll<br />F-Leaf vein
  • ferruginous}}''' (rust-colored) flowers.}}
  • caudex}}''' of ''[[Dioscorea elephantipes]]'' grows largely above the soil surface. Many species that form caudices grow them underground.}}
  • Cuspidate}}''' leaves of ''[[Diplacus bigelovii]]'' var. ''cuspidatus''}}
  • Dissepiment}}''' developing in tissue of [[carpel]]s where they meet to form [[locule]]s in the capsule of the ovary of ''[[Lilium]]''}}
  • Orbicular}}''' leaves of ''[[Dombeya rotundifolia]]''}}
  • Perfoliate}}''' leaves of ''[[Smyrnium]] perfoliatum'' with stems passing through them}}
  • cataphylls}} on dormant buds of ''[[Quercus robur]]''}}
  • Dorsiventral}}''' (bilateral) leaves of ''[[Syzygium gerrardii]]'' and ''[[Triadica sebifera]]''}}
  • Obtuse}}''' leaves of ''[[Dovyalis]] zeyheri''}}
  • spathulate}}'''.}}
  • areoles}} of an ''[[Echinopsis]]'' species}}
  • epicormic}}''' buds on ''[[Eucalyptus]]'' following a [[bushfire]]}}
  • drip tip}}'''.}}
  • epizoochory}}''' when they stick to the fur of animals.}}
  • testa}} in the seeds of many species. In the case of ''Erythrina'' species, the colors may be a warning that the seeds are poisonous.}}
  • juvenile leaves}}'''.}}
  • Heteroblastic}}''' growth is common in ''Eucalyptus'' species with leaves that are isobilateral in the mature tree; they generally start life with dorsiventral leaves. Some of these saplings are in the transient stage in which they have both forms of leaves, dorsiventral on lower branches, and isobilateral above.}}
  • decortication}}''' of ''[[Eucalyptus grandis]]'' outer bark}}
  • pruinosity}}.}}
  • operculum}}'''}}
  • lignotuber}}}}
  • inflorescence}}.}}
  • latex}}''' when even mildly punctured.}}
  • pleiochasium}}'''.}}
  • lenticel}}s'''.}}
  • fenestration}}'''; this permits [[photosynthesis]] while reducing damage from exposure to intrense sunlight and herbivores.}}
  • acuminate}}''' leaflets}}
  • forb}}}}
  • ''[[Ficus lyrata]]'' is an example of a doubly-'''emarginate''' leaf with lateral and apical '''emargination'''; it also might be seen as a basally '''emarginate'''.}}
  • syconium}}''' of a ''[[Ficus]]'' species, plus two more cut open longitudinally to display the fruit within}}
  • syconium}} ("fruit") of domestic fig}}
  • gynoecium}}. After a day or so in bloom, it sheds the stamens and the color of the petals becomes somewhat paler.}}
  • caulirosulate}}'''.}}
  • Glandular hairs}}''' on the stem of ''[[Geranium dissectum]]''}}
  • zygomorphic}} flowers of most species of the related genus ''[[Pelargonium]]''.}}
  • mericarp}}'''}}
  • petal}}s of an open flower, and a connected set enclosing an unopened bud}}
  • cotyledon}}}}
  • inflorescence}} of ''[[Gomphrena celosioides]]''}}
  • node}}s}}
  • Bipinnate}}''' leaf of ''[[Gymnocladus dioicus]]''}}
  • gymnosperms}}'''<br />}} LEFT<br /> 1-''[[Welwitschia mirabilis]]'' <br /> 2-''[[Cycas revoluta]]'' <br /> 3-''[[Taxus baccata]]'' <br /> 4-''[[Ginkgo biloba]]'' <br /> RIGHT <br /> 1-''[[Cupressus sempervirens]]'' <br /> 2-''[[Sequoiadendron giganteum]]'' <br /> 3-''[[Agathis dammara]]'' <br /> 4-''[[Araucaria heterophylla]]''
  • thorn}}s''', that is, modified branches. In some species such branches are complete with buds and leaves.}}
  • paripinnate}}''' leaves of ''Delonix regia''}}
  • Opposite}}''' arrangement ([[phyllotaxis]]) of leaves}}
  • hastate}}''' leaf of ''[[Salvia canariensis]]''}}
  • turgid}}''' and green after seasonal rains, store water against the coming dry period.}}
  • loment}}''' (or '''lomentum''') of ''[[Hedysarum]] occidentale'' splits into single-seeded segments along the visible lines of weakness when ripe.}}
  • petal}}s.}}
  • emarginate}}''' at their tips. Flowers in the middle of the inflorescence have slightly emarginate petals, whereas flowers at the periphery are so deeply emarginate as to be almost cleft in two.}}
  • velvety}}) hairs.}}
  • Ligule}}''' between the leaf sheath and leaf of a grass}}
  • nectar}}''' that it falls in drops if no pollinators remove it.}}
  • Indefinite}}''' stamens of ''[[Hypericum]]''}}
  • disperse]] the seeds.}}
  • iridescence}}''' for a plant.}}
  • ensiform}}''' leaves: narrow, straight-edged, sword-shaped.}}
  • rhizome}}'''. This one is a specimen of ''[[Iris pseudacorus]]''.}}
  • rootstock}}''' below}}
  • Cotyledon}}s''' of seedlings of ''[[Koelreuteria]]''. One plant shows the first new leaves above its cotyledons, and the rest show various younger stages of emerging cotyledons.}}
  • ternate}} leaf of ''[[Kummerowia]]''}}
  • petricolous}}''' large-leaved rock fig, ''[[Ficus abutilifolia]]''}}
  • cataphyll}}s''' that are shed when the bud sprouts.}}
  • biternate}}''' compound leaf}}
  • velutinous}} hairs of [[Nepeta]]}}
  • silicles}}''', green and circular, with a notch at the apex.}}
  • Silky}}''' foliage of the silvertree, ''[[Leucadendron argenteum]]''}}
  • Tussock}}''' grasses on mountain slopes}}
  • perule}}s''' }}
  • involucres}}''' encase unopened flower heads, and the third supports the open colorful head of emerging flowers. The imbricate [[phyllaries]] around the heads of this ''[[Malacothrix coulteri]]'' suggest the keeled scales of a snake, giving the plant its common name: "snake's head".}}
  • gametophytes}}''' (pollen grains) developing between the cone scales}}
  • spines}}.}}
  • staminode}}s''' that have no anthers.}}
  • palmate}}''' venation, as its veins radiate out from a central point, like fingers from the palm of a hand.}}
  • forb}}''', grown in large volumes for forage, soil improvement, and other purposes.}}
  • imparipinnate}}''' compound leaf of ''[[Melia azedarach]]''}}
  • Petals of [[Mespilus germanica]] are '''imbricate''' before the flower opens.}}
  • Baculiform}}''' [[desmid]] in genus ''[[Closterium]]''}}
  • cucullate}}''' shape of its white flowers}}
  • chasmophyte}}''' on an overhanging cliff}}
  • bifoliate}}''' compound leaves of the mopane tree, ''[[Colophospermum mopane]]'', suggest the common name "butterfly tree".}}
  • rachis}} of a compound leaf of ''[[Vachellia karroo]]''}}
  • cuneate}}''' (wedge-shaped) bases.}}
  • Coma}}''' atop ''[[Muscari armeniacum]]'', bearing sterile flowers}}
  • mycorrhiza}}''' growing on the roots of ''[[Picea]]''}}
  • style}} remain around the ripening fruit.}}
  • urceolate}}'''.}}
  • tepal}}s'''.}}
  • spine}}s growing on the cladodes, which on this young cladode are still fleshy.}}
  • conduplicate}}''' in the bud.}}
  • runcinate}}''' lobes of a ''[[Taraxacum officinale]]'' leaf point downward, i.e. toward the stem.}}
  • Senna]]'' species have extrafloral '''nectaries''' that attract ants to defend them from pests.}}
  • crenate}}''' leaf margins.}}
  • ''[[Oxalis tuberosa]]'', a stem tuber}}
  • carpel}}s, two from each flower.}}
  • Glochids}}''' at the base of an ''[[Opuntia]]'' cactus spine}}
  • faveolate}}''' fruiting bodies.}}
  • ternate}} leaf of ''[[Oxalis pes-caprae]]''}}
  • mycelium}}''' grown in culture dish}}
  • stipes}}.}}
  • stamen}}s.}}
  • coenobium}}''', of an [[alga]] in the genus ''[[Pediastrum]]''}}
  • incised}}''' leaves of ''[[Pelargonium graveolens]]''}}
  • zygomorphic}}''', which literally means "yoke-shaped".}}
  • Zonate}}''' markings on the leaves of a garden variety of ''[[Pelargonium zonale]]''}}
  • peltate}}''' leaves.}}
  • coma}}''' hairs}}
  • habit}} of ''[[Picea pungens]]''}}
  • runners}}; at their nodes the sarments put up tufts of leaves and strike root if there is any good soil beneath.}}
  • Megasporangium}}'''
  • sclereid}}''' or stone cell in plant tissue}}
  • internodes}}}}
  • Pileus}}''' of the fruiting body of the fungus ''[[Pluteus]] admirabilis''}}
  • mangrove}}}}
  • Sericeous}}''' leaves of ''[[Podalyria]] sericea'', the silver sweet pea bush}}
  • The fruit of ''[[Poncirus]]'' is a typical '''hesperidium'''.}}
  • Apical}}''' bud of a ''[[Populus]]'' (poplar) shoot}}
  • callus}}''' labelled}}
  • Dentate}}''' leaf of [[elm]]}}
  • Labiate}}''' flowers of ''[[Prunella vulgaris]]''}}
  • Punctiform}}''' glands on the undersurface of a [[Plectranthus]] leaf}}
  • anemophilous}}, have no need of being conspicuous to pollinating animals.}}
  • Reniform}}''' kidney bean seeds}}
  • venation}}}}
  • retuse}}'''.}}
  • fascicle}}s'''.}}
  • hypocotyl}}'''. The new plant develops largely from this tissue, especially if it has successfully penetrated into mud in which the new plant can establish itself.}}
  • statocytes with statoliths]]<br />3: Lateral part of the tip<br />4: Dead cells<br />5: Elongation zone
  • anastomose}}''' venation}}
  • callosities}}}}
  • rugulose}}''' leaves with fine wrinkles in the epidermis}}
  • dicotyledon}}}} A: Phloem<br />B: Cambium<br />C: Xylem<br />D: Fibrous sheath of vascular bundle
  • indusia}}.}}
  • awn}}''' and bristles on a species of the Australian grass ''[[Rytidosperma longifolium]]''}}
  • crosiers]] of the fern ''[[Sadleria cyatheoides]]''}}
  • Spinescent}}''' leaves of ''[[Salsola]] australis'': stiff, narrowed, and with lobes ending in spiny points}}
  • sessile}}.}}
  • pistil}}}}
  • Sulcate}}''' (specifically polysulcate) grooves along the stem of ''[[Scorzonera cana]]''}}
  • Axillary}}''' buds in leaf}}
  • Foveolate}}''' seeds of ''[[Physochlaina physaloides]]''}}
  • Sporophyll}}
  • pachycladous}}''' in that it has a disproportionately thick stem.}}
  • wooly}}''' coat.}}
  • knee}}''' at a node in a grass stem}}
  • Staminate flower}}s''' of ''Shepherdia canadensis''}}
  • staminate flower}}''.}}
  • pinnate}}''' leaf of ''[[Ekebergia capensis]]''}}
  • capitulum}} of a cultivated ''[[Helianthus]]''. They open progressively from the edge to the center of the disk.}}
  • Barb}}s''' occur on the spines of some species of cactus, as shown here, enlarged.}}
  • infructescence}}) of ''[[Ficus carica]]''}}
  • pappus}}'''}}
  • Sucker}}s''' around the trunk of ''[[Dypsis lutescens]]''}}
  • Salverform}}''' flowers of ''[[Plumbago auriculata]]''}}
  • taproot}}''' exposed in a roadcut}}
  • Adelphous}}''' stamens in flower of ''[[Gossypium tomentosum]]''}}
  • Sagittate}}''' leaves of an [[Alocasia]] plant}}
  • suture}}''' along the concave curve of the pod of a ''[[Crotalaria incana]]'', along which the seeds are attached, is where the single carpel has folded shut.}}
  • Procumbent}}''' growth habit of ''[[Sagina procumbens]]'', growing mainly along the soil surface, but without rooting}}
  • cone}}s'''}}
  • Apophyses}}''' on the tips of the cone scales of ''[[Araucaria cunninghamii]]'' amount to spikes.}}
  • intramarginal}}''' veins near the margins of this leaf are outlined in white.}}
  • reduplicate}} leaves.}}
  • scabrid}}''' undersurface of the leaf of ''[[Stipa pulcherrima]]''.}}
  • guard cells}}'''.}}
  • Sclereids in gritty particles of pear tissue}}
  • infructescence}} of a strawberry}}
  • Subulate}}''' leaves are narrow with an elongated, tapering tip, as seen on this species of ''[[Aloe]]''.}}
  • Turbinate}}''' (spinning top-shaped) roots of sugar beet}}
  • hypanthium}}.}}
  • raceme}}s'''. The flowers are already open at the bottom; at the top, the axis is still growing and budding.}}
  • adventitious}} buds for [[vegetative reproduction]].}}
  • cauliflory}}'''}}
  • epicalyx}}''' of ''[[Hibiscus sabdariffa]]''}}
  • '''C:''' Cross section of a terete peduncle}}}}
  • adaxial}}'''.}}
  • felted}}'''.}}
  • chloroplast}}s''' are simple in shape. Chloroplasts of ''[[Spirogyra]]'' are helical within the tubular cells of their algal filaments.}}
  • epiphloedal}}''' '''epiphyte''' on a tree trunk that is also infested with an epiphloedal [[foliose lichen]]}}
  • '''Jugate''' fruit of ''[[Tabernaemontana elegans]]''}}
  • pit}}s''' in the tracheid walls.}}
  • kettle trap}}s''' of a pitcher plant}}
  • mycelium}} that penetrates the dead wood and digests it.}}
  • Glumes}}''' of a grass species with a fairly large inflorescence}}
  • Verticillaster}}''' of ''[[Salvia yangii]]''}}
  • Veronica sublobata]]''}}
  • abscission}}'''}}
  • hairs}}''' on plant leaves}}
  • ternate}} leaf of a ''[[Vigna]]'' species}}
  • nodes}} of ''[[Viscum capense]]''}}
  • haustorium}}''' of ''Viscum capense'' renders the end of the branch stunted compared to the lower part of the branch.}}
  • emergent}}''' [[aquatic vegetation]].}}
  • Watershoot}}s'''}}
  • adnate}}''' attachment to the petal}}
  • dentate}} points fringing the immature leaf of a grapevine}}
  • habit}} unusual in so large a plant species.}}
  • plicate}}'''.}}
  • awn}}s'''}}
  • drag]], thereby improving wind dispersal.}}
  • Buttress root}}''' of a mature [[elm]]}}
  • Radicle}}s''' emerging from germinating seeds}}
  • dicotyledon}}'''.}}
  • spathe}}''' around the spadix of ''[[Zantedeschia aethiopica]]''}}
  • coleoptile}}}}}}
  • floret}}s''', [[ray floret]]s and [[disk floret]]s.}}
  • Denticulate}}''' leaves of ''[[Ziziphus mauritiana]]''}}
  • Sporangia}}''' of the fungus ''[[Rhizopus]]''}}
  • carpopodium}}''' at the base of the achene-like fruit of ''[[Zyzyura mayana]]'', Asteraceae}}
WIKIMEDIA GLOSSARY LIST ARTICLE
Floret; Incomplete flower; Urceolate; Coriaceous; Conflorescence; Utricle (fruit); Midrib; Caespitose; Corious; Nom. inval.; Botanical terms; Lauroide; Olim (botany); Glossary of botany; Glossary of botany terms; Lauroid; Hypocarpium; Calyculus; List of botanical terms; Drip tip; Opera utique oppressa; Opus utique oppressum; Opus utique oppr.; Costa (botany); Cilia (botany); Drip-tip; Ortet; Biloculate; Acaulescent; Perigonium; Pluriflor; Runcinatus; Decussant; Botanical terminology; Elliptic (leaf); Decumbent; Nomen invalidum; Anatropous; Histeranthous; Hysteranthous; Canaliculated; Campanulate; Infundibulorm; Lacerate; Declinate; Florets; Entire margin; Acute (botany); Entire (botany); Pinna (botany); Foliate; Pistillate flower; Pistillate flowers; Lenticular (botany); Ascending (botany); Beak (botany); Funnel-shaped; Funnelform; Truss (botany); Nerve (botany); Axillary (botany); Appressed; Oblique (botany); Cespitose; Scabrous; Spathulate; Crisped; Appendiculate; Bisulcate; Subglobose; Tricuspidate; Attenuation (botany); Geophilous; Aphananthous; Semaphylls; Pendulous; Papillose; Verticillate; Midvein; Runcinate leaf; Amplexicaul leaf; Decompound leaf; Erose leaf; Nom inval.; Papillate; Semipapillate; Umbo (botany); Apophysis (botany); Erose; Cupuliform; Brevideciduous; Ovate (botany); Stellate (botany); Scabrid; Chartaceous; Trigonous; Dichotomous branching; Dichotomous branches; Scapose; Cirrhose; Haplostemonous; Obdiplostemonous; Caulescent; Exserted; Calcarate; Rostellate; Chasmophyte; Globose (botany); Epicalyx; Wing (botany); Scarious; Vitta (botany); Abaxial (botany); Adaxial (botany); Lamina (botany); Glossary of plant terms; Reflexed (botany); Hypocrateriform; Fissure (botany); Striate (botany); Synanthous; Distal (botany); Gamophyllous; Digitiform; Ray (botany); Spicate; Bullate; Filiform (botany); Cylindrical (botany); Lamella (botany); Intramarginal; Unipapillose
(lacerates, lacerating, lacerated)
If something lacerates your skin, it cuts it badly and deeply.
Its claws lacerated his thighs.
VERB: V n, also V
• lacerated
She was suffering from a badly lacerated hand.
ADJ
lacerate         
  • pollen}}}}
  • splash-cup}}, surrounds the [[antheridia]] and aids in dispersal of sperm.}}
  • hypocarpium}}''' forms below the fruits of ''[[Sassafras albidum]]''.}}
  • Domatia}}''' at the bases of the thorns of ''[[Vachellia drepanolobium]]'', the whistling thorn, with visible access holes}}
  • petioles}}.}}
  • jugum}}''')<br /> E. Base of petiole<br /> F. Petiolary gland<br /> G. Rachis
  • unciform}}'''.}}
  • prickle}}s''' rather than thorns, botanically speaking.}}
  • Moniliform}}''' pods on ''[[Vachellia nilotica]]''}}
  • Maculate}}''' leaves}}
  • herbaceous}} leaves of a ''[[Hypoxis]]'' species.}}
  • radicle}} in a seed of ''[[Erysimum]]'' (formerly ''Cheiranthus'')}}
  • panicle}} composed of minor panicles, some of which are compound in their turn.}}
  • compound palmate}}''' leaf, the leaflets radiating from a central point.}}
  • panicle}}'''.}}
  • Rugose}}''' leaves of ''[[Alocasia]]'' are stiffer than flat leaves of the same size and thickness would be.}}
  • raceme}}.}}
  • peduncles}}'''}}
  • floral tubes}}}}
  • appressed}}''' to the leaf surface.}}
  • spathe}}. The female flowers are around the bottom of the spadix, the male flowers above, and the sterile top part is the major source of pollinator attractants.}}
  • habit}} of the red flowering gum, ''[[Corymbia ficifolia]]'', can attract pollinators such as the honey eater, ''[[Anthochaera chrysoptera]]'', from a considerable distance.}}
  • perforate}}'''.}}
  • pilose}}''' hairs on the stem of ''[[Aquilegia grata]]'' }}
  • pod}}}}
  • Arachnoid}}''' leaves of an unidentified ''[[Gazania]]'' species}}
  • hairs}}.}}
  • pappus}}}}
  • virgate}}''' shoots.}}
  • adelphia}} (bunch).}}
  • falcate}}''' pods; not many falcate anatomical structures are so markedly curved.}}
  • canopy}} that is typical of this species.}}
  • Jugate}}''' leaf of ''Bauhinia glabra'' }}
  • Mast}}''' from beeches on the forest floor}}
  • Berries}}''' of ''[[Olinia ventosa]]'', including a cross-section showing hard seeds in the pulp}}
  • catkin}}s''' of ''[[Betula pendula]]''}}
  • pinna}}''' (or pinnule)}}
  • splash-cup}}s''' with spores that are spread by raindrops.}}
  • axillary}} bud associated with the leaf shows just above the scar.}}
  • habit}}.
  • equitant}}''' leaves enclose later leaves on the stem.}}
  • distichous}}''' leaves.}}
  • bract}}s''' of ''[[Bougainvillea]]'' are commonly mistaken for its petals.}}
  • whorl}}s''' of leaves on ''[[Brabejum stellatifolium]]'' are unusual among trees in its native region.}}
  • habit}}.}}
  • Discolorous}}''' leaves of ''[[Brachylaena discolor]]'' differ in color between their upper and lower surfaces.}}
  • testa}}'''}}
  • Chloroplast}}s''' within the cells of the leaves of the moss ''[[Bryum capillare]]''}}
  • Burr}}s''', fruits of ''[[Arctium]]'' species}}
  • Lignotuber}}s''' of ''[[Lambertia formosa]]'' growing sprouts after a bush fire}}
  • alkaloid}}''' with four nitrogen atoms in its carbon skeleton.}}
  • Callus}}''' tissue of ''[[Nicotiana tabacum]]'' growing on a nutrient medium in [[plant tissue culture]]}}
  • fimbriate}}''' flowers.}}
  • inserted}}''' at the base of the corolla.}}
  • Umbo}}''' in the middle of the cap of ''[[Cantharellula umbonata]]''}}
  • scarious}}''' as tissue paper, but look like live petals for years, so they are known as "Everlastings" and valued for dried arrangements.}}
  • prostrate}}''' plants growing on sand in Sicily, striking root and binding the soil as they grow}}
  • petal}}s}}
  • Chara]] species of [[green algae]]}}
  • Petiolary}}''' glands on the '''petiole''' of a cherry leaf}}
  • callus}}''' of a floret of the grass species ''[[Chrysopogon filipes]]''}}
  • Leaves of some species of ''[[Citrus]]'' have '''winged''' petioles.}}
  • epiphyte}}}}
  • quadrate}}''' cross section.}}
  • albumen}}''' (endosperm) is labelled ''Alb''.}}
  • cataphyll}}s, and one split to show inner structure}}
  • 1985}}}}
  • Decussate}}''' [[phyllotaxis]] of ''[[Crassula rupestris]]''}}
  • cremnophyte}}''' on cliff faces in [[fynbos]].}}
  • capsule}}. The locule walls split at the back, and the valves separate, bearing the septa on their centers.}}
  • nodes}} of the corm. The illustration shows still-living cataphylls as white tissue, whereas the functional, hard, resistant tunic is brown.}}
  • Kidney-shaped}}''' leaf of ''[[Cucurbita maxima]]''}}
  • Tendril}}s''' of ''[[Cucurbita pepo]]'', some supporting the stem on the frame, some failing to find a point of attachment}}
  • cupule}}s''' of [[Fagaceae]]:<br />'''A''': ''[[Quercus rubra]]'' '''B:''' ''[[Quercus trojana]]''<br />'''C:''' ''[[Fagus sylvatica]]'' '''D:''' ''[[Castanea sativa]]''}}
  • coma}}''' bracts}}
  • exalbuminous}}''' seeds}}
  • Unusually dense stand of [[cypress knee]]s around the parent tree}}
  • Fenestrate}}''' leaves of ''[[Darlingtonia californica]]''}}
  • endosperm}}''', its main food supply, which comprises almost all of the rest of the seed.}}
  • decorticating}}''' machine collecting fiber from leaves}}
  • caespitose}}''' growth habit.}}
  • Mesophyll}}''' as seen in the cross section of a dicotyledonous leaf}}A-Lower epidermis<br />B-Lower palisade mesophyll<br />C-Upper epidermis<br />D-Upper palisade mesophyll<br />E- Spongy mesophyll<br />F-Leaf vein
  • ferruginous}}''' (rust-colored) flowers.}}
  • caudex}}''' of ''[[Dioscorea elephantipes]]'' grows largely above the soil surface. Many species that form caudices grow them underground.}}
  • Cuspidate}}''' leaves of ''[[Diplacus bigelovii]]'' var. ''cuspidatus''}}
  • Dissepiment}}''' developing in tissue of [[carpel]]s where they meet to form [[locule]]s in the capsule of the ovary of ''[[Lilium]]''}}
  • Orbicular}}''' leaves of ''[[Dombeya rotundifolia]]''}}
  • Perfoliate}}''' leaves of ''[[Smyrnium]] perfoliatum'' with stems passing through them}}
  • cataphylls}} on dormant buds of ''[[Quercus robur]]''}}
  • Dorsiventral}}''' (bilateral) leaves of ''[[Syzygium gerrardii]]'' and ''[[Triadica sebifera]]''}}
  • Obtuse}}''' leaves of ''[[Dovyalis]] zeyheri''}}
  • spathulate}}'''.}}
  • areoles}} of an ''[[Echinopsis]]'' species}}
  • epicormic}}''' buds on ''[[Eucalyptus]]'' following a [[bushfire]]}}
  • drip tip}}'''.}}
  • epizoochory}}''' when they stick to the fur of animals.}}
  • testa}} in the seeds of many species. In the case of ''Erythrina'' species, the colors may be a warning that the seeds are poisonous.}}
  • juvenile leaves}}'''.}}
  • Heteroblastic}}''' growth is common in ''Eucalyptus'' species with leaves that are isobilateral in the mature tree; they generally start life with dorsiventral leaves. Some of these saplings are in the transient stage in which they have both forms of leaves, dorsiventral on lower branches, and isobilateral above.}}
  • decortication}}''' of ''[[Eucalyptus grandis]]'' outer bark}}
  • pruinosity}}.}}
  • operculum}}'''}}
  • lignotuber}}}}
  • inflorescence}}.}}
  • latex}}''' when even mildly punctured.}}
  • pleiochasium}}'''.}}
  • lenticel}}s'''.}}
  • fenestration}}'''; this permits [[photosynthesis]] while reducing damage from exposure to intrense sunlight and herbivores.}}
  • acuminate}}''' leaflets}}
  • forb}}}}
  • ''[[Ficus lyrata]]'' is an example of a doubly-'''emarginate''' leaf with lateral and apical '''emargination'''; it also might be seen as a basally '''emarginate'''.}}
  • syconium}}''' of a ''[[Ficus]]'' species, plus two more cut open longitudinally to display the fruit within}}
  • syconium}} ("fruit") of domestic fig}}
  • gynoecium}}. After a day or so in bloom, it sheds the stamens and the color of the petals becomes somewhat paler.}}
  • caulirosulate}}'''.}}
  • Glandular hairs}}''' on the stem of ''[[Geranium dissectum]]''}}
  • zygomorphic}} flowers of most species of the related genus ''[[Pelargonium]]''.}}
  • mericarp}}'''}}
  • petal}}s of an open flower, and a connected set enclosing an unopened bud}}
  • cotyledon}}}}
  • inflorescence}} of ''[[Gomphrena celosioides]]''}}
  • node}}s}}
  • Bipinnate}}''' leaf of ''[[Gymnocladus dioicus]]''}}
  • gymnosperms}}'''<br />}} LEFT<br /> 1-''[[Welwitschia mirabilis]]'' <br /> 2-''[[Cycas revoluta]]'' <br /> 3-''[[Taxus baccata]]'' <br /> 4-''[[Ginkgo biloba]]'' <br /> RIGHT <br /> 1-''[[Cupressus sempervirens]]'' <br /> 2-''[[Sequoiadendron giganteum]]'' <br /> 3-''[[Agathis dammara]]'' <br /> 4-''[[Araucaria heterophylla]]''
  • thorn}}s''', that is, modified branches. In some species such branches are complete with buds and leaves.}}
  • paripinnate}}''' leaves of ''Delonix regia''}}
  • Opposite}}''' arrangement ([[phyllotaxis]]) of leaves}}
  • hastate}}''' leaf of ''[[Salvia canariensis]]''}}
  • turgid}}''' and green after seasonal rains, store water against the coming dry period.}}
  • loment}}''' (or '''lomentum''') of ''[[Hedysarum]] occidentale'' splits into single-seeded segments along the visible lines of weakness when ripe.}}
  • petal}}s.}}
  • emarginate}}''' at their tips. Flowers in the middle of the inflorescence have slightly emarginate petals, whereas flowers at the periphery are so deeply emarginate as to be almost cleft in two.}}
  • velvety}}) hairs.}}
  • Ligule}}''' between the leaf sheath and leaf of a grass}}
  • nectar}}''' that it falls in drops if no pollinators remove it.}}
  • Indefinite}}''' stamens of ''[[Hypericum]]''}}
  • disperse]] the seeds.}}
  • iridescence}}''' for a plant.}}
  • ensiform}}''' leaves: narrow, straight-edged, sword-shaped.}}
  • rhizome}}'''. This one is a specimen of ''[[Iris pseudacorus]]''.}}
  • rootstock}}''' below}}
  • Cotyledon}}s''' of seedlings of ''[[Koelreuteria]]''. One plant shows the first new leaves above its cotyledons, and the rest show various younger stages of emerging cotyledons.}}
  • ternate}} leaf of ''[[Kummerowia]]''}}
  • petricolous}}''' large-leaved rock fig, ''[[Ficus abutilifolia]]''}}
  • cataphyll}}s''' that are shed when the bud sprouts.}}
  • biternate}}''' compound leaf}}
  • velutinous}} hairs of [[Nepeta]]}}
  • silicles}}''', green and circular, with a notch at the apex.}}
  • Silky}}''' foliage of the silvertree, ''[[Leucadendron argenteum]]''}}
  • Tussock}}''' grasses on mountain slopes}}
  • perule}}s''' }}
  • involucres}}''' encase unopened flower heads, and the third supports the open colorful head of emerging flowers. The imbricate [[phyllaries]] around the heads of this ''[[Malacothrix coulteri]]'' suggest the keeled scales of a snake, giving the plant its common name: "snake's head".}}
  • gametophytes}}''' (pollen grains) developing between the cone scales}}
  • spines}}.}}
  • staminode}}s''' that have no anthers.}}
  • palmate}}''' venation, as its veins radiate out from a central point, like fingers from the palm of a hand.}}
  • forb}}''', grown in large volumes for forage, soil improvement, and other purposes.}}
  • imparipinnate}}''' compound leaf of ''[[Melia azedarach]]''}}
  • Petals of [[Mespilus germanica]] are '''imbricate''' before the flower opens.}}
  • Baculiform}}''' [[desmid]] in genus ''[[Closterium]]''}}
  • cucullate}}''' shape of its white flowers}}
  • chasmophyte}}''' on an overhanging cliff}}
  • bifoliate}}''' compound leaves of the mopane tree, ''[[Colophospermum mopane]]'', suggest the common name "butterfly tree".}}
  • rachis}} of a compound leaf of ''[[Vachellia karroo]]''}}
  • cuneate}}''' (wedge-shaped) bases.}}
  • Coma}}''' atop ''[[Muscari armeniacum]]'', bearing sterile flowers}}
  • mycorrhiza}}''' growing on the roots of ''[[Picea]]''}}
  • style}} remain around the ripening fruit.}}
  • urceolate}}'''.}}
  • tepal}}s'''.}}
  • spine}}s growing on the cladodes, which on this young cladode are still fleshy.}}
  • conduplicate}}''' in the bud.}}
  • runcinate}}''' lobes of a ''[[Taraxacum officinale]]'' leaf point downward, i.e. toward the stem.}}
  • Senna]]'' species have extrafloral '''nectaries''' that attract ants to defend them from pests.}}
  • crenate}}''' leaf margins.}}
  • ''[[Oxalis tuberosa]]'', a stem tuber}}
  • carpel}}s, two from each flower.}}
  • Glochids}}''' at the base of an ''[[Opuntia]]'' cactus spine}}
  • faveolate}}''' fruiting bodies.}}
  • ternate}} leaf of ''[[Oxalis pes-caprae]]''}}
  • mycelium}}''' grown in culture dish}}
  • stipes}}.}}
  • stamen}}s.}}
  • coenobium}}''', of an [[alga]] in the genus ''[[Pediastrum]]''}}
  • incised}}''' leaves of ''[[Pelargonium graveolens]]''}}
  • zygomorphic}}''', which literally means "yoke-shaped".}}
  • Zonate}}''' markings on the leaves of a garden variety of ''[[Pelargonium zonale]]''}}
  • peltate}}''' leaves.}}
  • coma}}''' hairs}}
  • habit}} of ''[[Picea pungens]]''}}
  • runners}}; at their nodes the sarments put up tufts of leaves and strike root if there is any good soil beneath.}}
  • Megasporangium}}'''
  • sclereid}}''' or stone cell in plant tissue}}
  • internodes}}}}
  • Pileus}}''' of the fruiting body of the fungus ''[[Pluteus]] admirabilis''}}
  • mangrove}}}}
  • Sericeous}}''' leaves of ''[[Podalyria]] sericea'', the silver sweet pea bush}}
  • The fruit of ''[[Poncirus]]'' is a typical '''hesperidium'''.}}
  • Apical}}''' bud of a ''[[Populus]]'' (poplar) shoot}}
  • callus}}''' labelled}}
  • Dentate}}''' leaf of [[elm]]}}
  • Labiate}}''' flowers of ''[[Prunella vulgaris]]''}}
  • Punctiform}}''' glands on the undersurface of a [[Plectranthus]] leaf}}
  • anemophilous}}, have no need of being conspicuous to pollinating animals.}}
  • Reniform}}''' kidney bean seeds}}
  • venation}}}}
  • retuse}}'''.}}
  • fascicle}}s'''.}}
  • hypocotyl}}'''. The new plant develops largely from this tissue, especially if it has successfully penetrated into mud in which the new plant can establish itself.}}
  • statocytes with statoliths]]<br />3: Lateral part of the tip<br />4: Dead cells<br />5: Elongation zone
  • anastomose}}''' venation}}
  • callosities}}}}
  • rugulose}}''' leaves with fine wrinkles in the epidermis}}
  • dicotyledon}}}} A: Phloem<br />B: Cambium<br />C: Xylem<br />D: Fibrous sheath of vascular bundle
  • indusia}}.}}
  • awn}}''' and bristles on a species of the Australian grass ''[[Rytidosperma longifolium]]''}}
  • crosiers]] of the fern ''[[Sadleria cyatheoides]]''}}
  • Spinescent}}''' leaves of ''[[Salsola]] australis'': stiff, narrowed, and with lobes ending in spiny points}}
  • sessile}}.}}
  • pistil}}}}
  • Sulcate}}''' (specifically polysulcate) grooves along the stem of ''[[Scorzonera cana]]''}}
  • Axillary}}''' buds in leaf}}
  • Foveolate}}''' seeds of ''[[Physochlaina physaloides]]''}}
  • Sporophyll}}
  • pachycladous}}''' in that it has a disproportionately thick stem.}}
  • wooly}}''' coat.}}
  • knee}}''' at a node in a grass stem}}
  • Staminate flower}}s''' of ''Shepherdia canadensis''}}
  • staminate flower}}''.}}
  • pinnate}}''' leaf of ''[[Ekebergia capensis]]''}}
  • capitulum}} of a cultivated ''[[Helianthus]]''. They open progressively from the edge to the center of the disk.}}
  • Barb}}s''' occur on the spines of some species of cactus, as shown here, enlarged.}}
  • infructescence}}) of ''[[Ficus carica]]''}}
  • pappus}}'''}}
  • Sucker}}s''' around the trunk of ''[[Dypsis lutescens]]''}}
  • Salverform}}''' flowers of ''[[Plumbago auriculata]]''}}
  • taproot}}''' exposed in a roadcut}}
  • Adelphous}}''' stamens in flower of ''[[Gossypium tomentosum]]''}}
  • Sagittate}}''' leaves of an [[Alocasia]] plant}}
  • suture}}''' along the concave curve of the pod of a ''[[Crotalaria incana]]'', along which the seeds are attached, is where the single carpel has folded shut.}}
  • Procumbent}}''' growth habit of ''[[Sagina procumbens]]'', growing mainly along the soil surface, but without rooting}}
  • cone}}s'''}}
  • Apophyses}}''' on the tips of the cone scales of ''[[Araucaria cunninghamii]]'' amount to spikes.}}
  • intramarginal}}''' veins near the margins of this leaf are outlined in white.}}
  • reduplicate}} leaves.}}
  • scabrid}}''' undersurface of the leaf of ''[[Stipa pulcherrima]]''.}}
  • guard cells}}'''.}}
  • Sclereids in gritty particles of pear tissue}}
  • infructescence}} of a strawberry}}
  • Subulate}}''' leaves are narrow with an elongated, tapering tip, as seen on this species of ''[[Aloe]]''.}}
  • Turbinate}}''' (spinning top-shaped) roots of sugar beet}}
  • hypanthium}}.}}
  • raceme}}s'''. The flowers are already open at the bottom; at the top, the axis is still growing and budding.}}
  • adventitious}} buds for [[vegetative reproduction]].}}
  • cauliflory}}'''}}
  • epicalyx}}''' of ''[[Hibiscus sabdariffa]]''}}
  • '''C:''' Cross section of a terete peduncle}}}}
  • adaxial}}'''.}}
  • felted}}'''.}}
  • chloroplast}}s''' are simple in shape. Chloroplasts of ''[[Spirogyra]]'' are helical within the tubular cells of their algal filaments.}}
  • epiphloedal}}''' '''epiphyte''' on a tree trunk that is also infested with an epiphloedal [[foliose lichen]]}}
  • '''Jugate''' fruit of ''[[Tabernaemontana elegans]]''}}
  • pit}}s''' in the tracheid walls.}}
  • kettle trap}}s''' of a pitcher plant}}
  • mycelium}} that penetrates the dead wood and digests it.}}
  • Glumes}}''' of a grass species with a fairly large inflorescence}}
  • Verticillaster}}''' of ''[[Salvia yangii]]''}}
  • Veronica sublobata]]''}}
  • abscission}}'''}}
  • hairs}}''' on plant leaves}}
  • ternate}} leaf of a ''[[Vigna]]'' species}}
  • nodes}} of ''[[Viscum capense]]''}}
  • haustorium}}''' of ''Viscum capense'' renders the end of the branch stunted compared to the lower part of the branch.}}
  • emergent}}''' [[aquatic vegetation]].}}
  • Watershoot}}s'''}}
  • adnate}}''' attachment to the petal}}
  • dentate}} points fringing the immature leaf of a grapevine}}
  • habit}} unusual in so large a plant species.}}
  • plicate}}'''.}}
  • awn}}s'''}}
  • drag]], thereby improving wind dispersal.}}
  • Buttress root}}''' of a mature [[elm]]}}
  • Radicle}}s''' emerging from germinating seeds}}
  • dicotyledon}}'''.}}
  • spathe}}''' around the spadix of ''[[Zantedeschia aethiopica]]''}}
  • coleoptile}}}}}}
  • floret}}s''', [[ray floret]]s and [[disk floret]]s.}}
  • Denticulate}}''' leaves of ''[[Ziziphus mauritiana]]''}}
  • Sporangia}}''' of the fungus ''[[Rhizopus]]''}}
  • carpopodium}}''' at the base of the achene-like fruit of ''[[Zyzyura mayana]]'', Asteraceae}}
WIKIMEDIA GLOSSARY LIST ARTICLE
Floret; Incomplete flower; Urceolate; Coriaceous; Conflorescence; Utricle (fruit); Midrib; Caespitose; Corious; Nom. inval.; Botanical terms; Lauroide; Olim (botany); Glossary of botany; Glossary of botany terms; Lauroid; Hypocarpium; Calyculus; List of botanical terms; Drip tip; Opera utique oppressa; Opus utique oppressum; Opus utique oppr.; Costa (botany); Cilia (botany); Drip-tip; Ortet; Biloculate; Acaulescent; Perigonium; Pluriflor; Runcinatus; Decussant; Botanical terminology; Elliptic (leaf); Decumbent; Nomen invalidum; Anatropous; Histeranthous; Hysteranthous; Canaliculated; Campanulate; Infundibulorm; Lacerate; Declinate; Florets; Entire margin; Acute (botany); Entire (botany); Pinna (botany); Foliate; Pistillate flower; Pistillate flowers; Lenticular (botany); Ascending (botany); Beak (botany); Funnel-shaped; Funnelform; Truss (botany); Nerve (botany); Axillary (botany); Appressed; Oblique (botany); Cespitose; Scabrous; Spathulate; Crisped; Appendiculate; Bisulcate; Subglobose; Tricuspidate; Attenuation (botany); Geophilous; Aphananthous; Semaphylls; Pendulous; Papillose; Verticillate; Midvein; Runcinate leaf; Amplexicaul leaf; Decompound leaf; Erose leaf; Nom inval.; Papillate; Semipapillate; Umbo (botany); Apophysis (botany); Erose; Cupuliform; Brevideciduous; Ovate (botany); Stellate (botany); Scabrid; Chartaceous; Trigonous; Dichotomous branching; Dichotomous branches; Scapose; Cirrhose; Haplostemonous; Obdiplostemonous; Caulescent; Exserted; Calcarate; Rostellate; Chasmophyte; Globose (botany); Epicalyx; Wing (botany); Scarious; Vitta (botany); Abaxial (botany); Adaxial (botany); Lamina (botany); Glossary of plant terms; Reflexed (botany); Hypocrateriform; Fissure (botany); Striate (botany); Synanthous; Distal (botany); Gamophyllous; Digitiform; Ray (botany); Spicate; Bullate; Filiform (botany); Cylindrical (botany); Lamella (botany); Intramarginal; Unipapillose
v. a.
1.
Tear, sever, mangle, rend, lancinate, laniate, claw, tear asunder, tear to pieces.
2.
Harrow, wound, torture, rend.
Lacerate         
  • pollen}}}}
  • splash-cup}}, surrounds the [[antheridia]] and aids in dispersal of sperm.}}
  • hypocarpium}}''' forms below the fruits of ''[[Sassafras albidum]]''.}}
  • Domatia}}''' at the bases of the thorns of ''[[Vachellia drepanolobium]]'', the whistling thorn, with visible access holes}}
  • petioles}}.}}
  • jugum}}''')<br /> E. Base of petiole<br /> F. Petiolary gland<br /> G. Rachis
  • unciform}}'''.}}
  • prickle}}s''' rather than thorns, botanically speaking.}}
  • Moniliform}}''' pods on ''[[Vachellia nilotica]]''}}
  • Maculate}}''' leaves}}
  • herbaceous}} leaves of a ''[[Hypoxis]]'' species.}}
  • radicle}} in a seed of ''[[Erysimum]]'' (formerly ''Cheiranthus'')}}
  • panicle}} composed of minor panicles, some of which are compound in their turn.}}
  • compound palmate}}''' leaf, the leaflets radiating from a central point.}}
  • panicle}}'''.}}
  • Rugose}}''' leaves of ''[[Alocasia]]'' are stiffer than flat leaves of the same size and thickness would be.}}
  • raceme}}.}}
  • peduncles}}'''}}
  • floral tubes}}}}
  • appressed}}''' to the leaf surface.}}
  • spathe}}. The female flowers are around the bottom of the spadix, the male flowers above, and the sterile top part is the major source of pollinator attractants.}}
  • habit}} of the red flowering gum, ''[[Corymbia ficifolia]]'', can attract pollinators such as the honey eater, ''[[Anthochaera chrysoptera]]'', from a considerable distance.}}
  • perforate}}'''.}}
  • pilose}}''' hairs on the stem of ''[[Aquilegia grata]]'' }}
  • pod}}}}
  • Arachnoid}}''' leaves of an unidentified ''[[Gazania]]'' species}}
  • hairs}}.}}
  • pappus}}}}
  • virgate}}''' shoots.}}
  • adelphia}} (bunch).}}
  • falcate}}''' pods; not many falcate anatomical structures are so markedly curved.}}
  • canopy}} that is typical of this species.}}
  • Jugate}}''' leaf of ''Bauhinia glabra'' }}
  • Mast}}''' from beeches on the forest floor}}
  • Berries}}''' of ''[[Olinia ventosa]]'', including a cross-section showing hard seeds in the pulp}}
  • catkin}}s''' of ''[[Betula pendula]]''}}
  • pinna}}''' (or pinnule)}}
  • splash-cup}}s''' with spores that are spread by raindrops.}}
  • axillary}} bud associated with the leaf shows just above the scar.}}
  • habit}}.
  • equitant}}''' leaves enclose later leaves on the stem.}}
  • distichous}}''' leaves.}}
  • bract}}s''' of ''[[Bougainvillea]]'' are commonly mistaken for its petals.}}
  • whorl}}s''' of leaves on ''[[Brabejum stellatifolium]]'' are unusual among trees in its native region.}}
  • habit}}.}}
  • Discolorous}}''' leaves of ''[[Brachylaena discolor]]'' differ in color between their upper and lower surfaces.}}
  • testa}}'''}}
  • Chloroplast}}s''' within the cells of the leaves of the moss ''[[Bryum capillare]]''}}
  • Burr}}s''', fruits of ''[[Arctium]]'' species}}
  • Lignotuber}}s''' of ''[[Lambertia formosa]]'' growing sprouts after a bush fire}}
  • alkaloid}}''' with four nitrogen atoms in its carbon skeleton.}}
  • Callus}}''' tissue of ''[[Nicotiana tabacum]]'' growing on a nutrient medium in [[plant tissue culture]]}}
  • fimbriate}}''' flowers.}}
  • inserted}}''' at the base of the corolla.}}
  • Umbo}}''' in the middle of the cap of ''[[Cantharellula umbonata]]''}}
  • scarious}}''' as tissue paper, but look like live petals for years, so they are known as "Everlastings" and valued for dried arrangements.}}
  • prostrate}}''' plants growing on sand in Sicily, striking root and binding the soil as they grow}}
  • petal}}s}}
  • Chara]] species of [[green algae]]}}
  • Petiolary}}''' glands on the '''petiole''' of a cherry leaf}}
  • callus}}''' of a floret of the grass species ''[[Chrysopogon filipes]]''}}
  • Leaves of some species of ''[[Citrus]]'' have '''winged''' petioles.}}
  • epiphyte}}}}
  • quadrate}}''' cross section.}}
  • albumen}}''' (endosperm) is labelled ''Alb''.}}
  • cataphyll}}s, and one split to show inner structure}}
  • 1985}}}}
  • Decussate}}''' [[phyllotaxis]] of ''[[Crassula rupestris]]''}}
  • cremnophyte}}''' on cliff faces in [[fynbos]].}}
  • capsule}}. The locule walls split at the back, and the valves separate, bearing the septa on their centers.}}
  • nodes}} of the corm. The illustration shows still-living cataphylls as white tissue, whereas the functional, hard, resistant tunic is brown.}}
  • Kidney-shaped}}''' leaf of ''[[Cucurbita maxima]]''}}
  • Tendril}}s''' of ''[[Cucurbita pepo]]'', some supporting the stem on the frame, some failing to find a point of attachment}}
  • cupule}}s''' of [[Fagaceae]]:<br />'''A''': ''[[Quercus rubra]]'' '''B:''' ''[[Quercus trojana]]''<br />'''C:''' ''[[Fagus sylvatica]]'' '''D:''' ''[[Castanea sativa]]''}}
  • coma}}''' bracts}}
  • exalbuminous}}''' seeds}}
  • Unusually dense stand of [[cypress knee]]s around the parent tree}}
  • Fenestrate}}''' leaves of ''[[Darlingtonia californica]]''}}
  • endosperm}}''', its main food supply, which comprises almost all of the rest of the seed.}}
  • decorticating}}''' machine collecting fiber from leaves}}
  • caespitose}}''' growth habit.}}
  • Mesophyll}}''' as seen in the cross section of a dicotyledonous leaf}}A-Lower epidermis<br />B-Lower palisade mesophyll<br />C-Upper epidermis<br />D-Upper palisade mesophyll<br />E- Spongy mesophyll<br />F-Leaf vein
  • ferruginous}}''' (rust-colored) flowers.}}
  • caudex}}''' of ''[[Dioscorea elephantipes]]'' grows largely above the soil surface. Many species that form caudices grow them underground.}}
  • Cuspidate}}''' leaves of ''[[Diplacus bigelovii]]'' var. ''cuspidatus''}}
  • Dissepiment}}''' developing in tissue of [[carpel]]s where they meet to form [[locule]]s in the capsule of the ovary of ''[[Lilium]]''}}
  • Orbicular}}''' leaves of ''[[Dombeya rotundifolia]]''}}
  • Perfoliate}}''' leaves of ''[[Smyrnium]] perfoliatum'' with stems passing through them}}
  • cataphylls}} on dormant buds of ''[[Quercus robur]]''}}
  • Dorsiventral}}''' (bilateral) leaves of ''[[Syzygium gerrardii]]'' and ''[[Triadica sebifera]]''}}
  • Obtuse}}''' leaves of ''[[Dovyalis]] zeyheri''}}
  • spathulate}}'''.}}
  • areoles}} of an ''[[Echinopsis]]'' species}}
  • epicormic}}''' buds on ''[[Eucalyptus]]'' following a [[bushfire]]}}
  • drip tip}}'''.}}
  • epizoochory}}''' when they stick to the fur of animals.}}
  • testa}} in the seeds of many species. In the case of ''Erythrina'' species, the colors may be a warning that the seeds are poisonous.}}
  • juvenile leaves}}'''.}}
  • Heteroblastic}}''' growth is common in ''Eucalyptus'' species with leaves that are isobilateral in the mature tree; they generally start life with dorsiventral leaves. Some of these saplings are in the transient stage in which they have both forms of leaves, dorsiventral on lower branches, and isobilateral above.}}
  • decortication}}''' of ''[[Eucalyptus grandis]]'' outer bark}}
  • pruinosity}}.}}
  • operculum}}'''}}
  • lignotuber}}}}
  • inflorescence}}.}}
  • latex}}''' when even mildly punctured.}}
  • pleiochasium}}'''.}}
  • lenticel}}s'''.}}
  • fenestration}}'''; this permits [[photosynthesis]] while reducing damage from exposure to intrense sunlight and herbivores.}}
  • acuminate}}''' leaflets}}
  • forb}}}}
  • ''[[Ficus lyrata]]'' is an example of a doubly-'''emarginate''' leaf with lateral and apical '''emargination'''; it also might be seen as a basally '''emarginate'''.}}
  • syconium}}''' of a ''[[Ficus]]'' species, plus two more cut open longitudinally to display the fruit within}}
  • syconium}} ("fruit") of domestic fig}}
  • gynoecium}}. After a day or so in bloom, it sheds the stamens and the color of the petals becomes somewhat paler.}}
  • caulirosulate}}'''.}}
  • Glandular hairs}}''' on the stem of ''[[Geranium dissectum]]''}}
  • zygomorphic}} flowers of most species of the related genus ''[[Pelargonium]]''.}}
  • mericarp}}'''}}
  • petal}}s of an open flower, and a connected set enclosing an unopened bud}}
  • cotyledon}}}}
  • inflorescence}} of ''[[Gomphrena celosioides]]''}}
  • node}}s}}
  • Bipinnate}}''' leaf of ''[[Gymnocladus dioicus]]''}}
  • gymnosperms}}'''<br />}} LEFT<br /> 1-''[[Welwitschia mirabilis]]'' <br /> 2-''[[Cycas revoluta]]'' <br /> 3-''[[Taxus baccata]]'' <br /> 4-''[[Ginkgo biloba]]'' <br /> RIGHT <br /> 1-''[[Cupressus sempervirens]]'' <br /> 2-''[[Sequoiadendron giganteum]]'' <br /> 3-''[[Agathis dammara]]'' <br /> 4-''[[Araucaria heterophylla]]''
  • thorn}}s''', that is, modified branches. In some species such branches are complete with buds and leaves.}}
  • paripinnate}}''' leaves of ''Delonix regia''}}
  • Opposite}}''' arrangement ([[phyllotaxis]]) of leaves}}
  • hastate}}''' leaf of ''[[Salvia canariensis]]''}}
  • turgid}}''' and green after seasonal rains, store water against the coming dry period.}}
  • loment}}''' (or '''lomentum''') of ''[[Hedysarum]] occidentale'' splits into single-seeded segments along the visible lines of weakness when ripe.}}
  • petal}}s.}}
  • emarginate}}''' at their tips. Flowers in the middle of the inflorescence have slightly emarginate petals, whereas flowers at the periphery are so deeply emarginate as to be almost cleft in two.}}
  • velvety}}) hairs.}}
  • Ligule}}''' between the leaf sheath and leaf of a grass}}
  • nectar}}''' that it falls in drops if no pollinators remove it.}}
  • Indefinite}}''' stamens of ''[[Hypericum]]''}}
  • disperse]] the seeds.}}
  • iridescence}}''' for a plant.}}
  • ensiform}}''' leaves: narrow, straight-edged, sword-shaped.}}
  • rhizome}}'''. This one is a specimen of ''[[Iris pseudacorus]]''.}}
  • rootstock}}''' below}}
  • Cotyledon}}s''' of seedlings of ''[[Koelreuteria]]''. One plant shows the first new leaves above its cotyledons, and the rest show various younger stages of emerging cotyledons.}}
  • ternate}} leaf of ''[[Kummerowia]]''}}
  • petricolous}}''' large-leaved rock fig, ''[[Ficus abutilifolia]]''}}
  • cataphyll}}s''' that are shed when the bud sprouts.}}
  • biternate}}''' compound leaf}}
  • velutinous}} hairs of [[Nepeta]]}}
  • silicles}}''', green and circular, with a notch at the apex.}}
  • Silky}}''' foliage of the silvertree, ''[[Leucadendron argenteum]]''}}
  • Tussock}}''' grasses on mountain slopes}}
  • perule}}s''' }}
  • involucres}}''' encase unopened flower heads, and the third supports the open colorful head of emerging flowers. The imbricate [[phyllaries]] around the heads of this ''[[Malacothrix coulteri]]'' suggest the keeled scales of a snake, giving the plant its common name: "snake's head".}}
  • gametophytes}}''' (pollen grains) developing between the cone scales}}
  • spines}}.}}
  • staminode}}s''' that have no anthers.}}
  • palmate}}''' venation, as its veins radiate out from a central point, like fingers from the palm of a hand.}}
  • forb}}''', grown in large volumes for forage, soil improvement, and other purposes.}}
  • imparipinnate}}''' compound leaf of ''[[Melia azedarach]]''}}
  • Petals of [[Mespilus germanica]] are '''imbricate''' before the flower opens.}}
  • Baculiform}}''' [[desmid]] in genus ''[[Closterium]]''}}
  • cucullate}}''' shape of its white flowers}}
  • chasmophyte}}''' on an overhanging cliff}}
  • bifoliate}}''' compound leaves of the mopane tree, ''[[Colophospermum mopane]]'', suggest the common name "butterfly tree".}}
  • rachis}} of a compound leaf of ''[[Vachellia karroo]]''}}
  • cuneate}}''' (wedge-shaped) bases.}}
  • Coma}}''' atop ''[[Muscari armeniacum]]'', bearing sterile flowers}}
  • mycorrhiza}}''' growing on the roots of ''[[Picea]]''}}
  • style}} remain around the ripening fruit.}}
  • urceolate}}'''.}}
  • tepal}}s'''.}}
  • spine}}s growing on the cladodes, which on this young cladode are still fleshy.}}
  • conduplicate}}''' in the bud.}}
  • runcinate}}''' lobes of a ''[[Taraxacum officinale]]'' leaf point downward, i.e. toward the stem.}}
  • Senna]]'' species have extrafloral '''nectaries''' that attract ants to defend them from pests.}}
  • crenate}}''' leaf margins.}}
  • ''[[Oxalis tuberosa]]'', a stem tuber}}
  • carpel}}s, two from each flower.}}
  • Glochids}}''' at the base of an ''[[Opuntia]]'' cactus spine}}
  • faveolate}}''' fruiting bodies.}}
  • ternate}} leaf of ''[[Oxalis pes-caprae]]''}}
  • mycelium}}''' grown in culture dish}}
  • stipes}}.}}
  • stamen}}s.}}
  • coenobium}}''', of an [[alga]] in the genus ''[[Pediastrum]]''}}
  • incised}}''' leaves of ''[[Pelargonium graveolens]]''}}
  • zygomorphic}}''', which literally means "yoke-shaped".}}
  • Zonate}}''' markings on the leaves of a garden variety of ''[[Pelargonium zonale]]''}}
  • peltate}}''' leaves.}}
  • coma}}''' hairs}}
  • habit}} of ''[[Picea pungens]]''}}
  • runners}}; at their nodes the sarments put up tufts of leaves and strike root if there is any good soil beneath.}}
  • Megasporangium}}'''
  • sclereid}}''' or stone cell in plant tissue}}
  • internodes}}}}
  • Pileus}}''' of the fruiting body of the fungus ''[[Pluteus]] admirabilis''}}
  • mangrove}}}}
  • Sericeous}}''' leaves of ''[[Podalyria]] sericea'', the silver sweet pea bush}}
  • The fruit of ''[[Poncirus]]'' is a typical '''hesperidium'''.}}
  • Apical}}''' bud of a ''[[Populus]]'' (poplar) shoot}}
  • callus}}''' labelled}}
  • Dentate}}''' leaf of [[elm]]}}
  • Labiate}}''' flowers of ''[[Prunella vulgaris]]''}}
  • Punctiform}}''' glands on the undersurface of a [[Plectranthus]] leaf}}
  • anemophilous}}, have no need of being conspicuous to pollinating animals.}}
  • Reniform}}''' kidney bean seeds}}
  • venation}}}}
  • retuse}}'''.}}
  • fascicle}}s'''.}}
  • hypocotyl}}'''. The new plant develops largely from this tissue, especially if it has successfully penetrated into mud in which the new plant can establish itself.}}
  • statocytes with statoliths]]<br />3: Lateral part of the tip<br />4: Dead cells<br />5: Elongation zone
  • anastomose}}''' venation}}
  • callosities}}}}
  • rugulose}}''' leaves with fine wrinkles in the epidermis}}
  • dicotyledon}}}} A: Phloem<br />B: Cambium<br />C: Xylem<br />D: Fibrous sheath of vascular bundle
  • indusia}}.}}
  • awn}}''' and bristles on a species of the Australian grass ''[[Rytidosperma longifolium]]''}}
  • crosiers]] of the fern ''[[Sadleria cyatheoides]]''}}
  • Spinescent}}''' leaves of ''[[Salsola]] australis'': stiff, narrowed, and with lobes ending in spiny points}}
  • sessile}}.}}
  • pistil}}}}
  • Sulcate}}''' (specifically polysulcate) grooves along the stem of ''[[Scorzonera cana]]''}}
  • Axillary}}''' buds in leaf}}
  • Foveolate}}''' seeds of ''[[Physochlaina physaloides]]''}}
  • Sporophyll}}
  • pachycladous}}''' in that it has a disproportionately thick stem.}}
  • wooly}}''' coat.}}
  • knee}}''' at a node in a grass stem}}
  • Staminate flower}}s''' of ''Shepherdia canadensis''}}
  • staminate flower}}''.}}
  • pinnate}}''' leaf of ''[[Ekebergia capensis]]''}}
  • capitulum}} of a cultivated ''[[Helianthus]]''. They open progressively from the edge to the center of the disk.}}
  • Barb}}s''' occur on the spines of some species of cactus, as shown here, enlarged.}}
  • infructescence}}) of ''[[Ficus carica]]''}}
  • pappus}}'''}}
  • Sucker}}s''' around the trunk of ''[[Dypsis lutescens]]''}}
  • Salverform}}''' flowers of ''[[Plumbago auriculata]]''}}
  • taproot}}''' exposed in a roadcut}}
  • Adelphous}}''' stamens in flower of ''[[Gossypium tomentosum]]''}}
  • Sagittate}}''' leaves of an [[Alocasia]] plant}}
  • suture}}''' along the concave curve of the pod of a ''[[Crotalaria incana]]'', along which the seeds are attached, is where the single carpel has folded shut.}}
  • Procumbent}}''' growth habit of ''[[Sagina procumbens]]'', growing mainly along the soil surface, but without rooting}}
  • cone}}s'''}}
  • Apophyses}}''' on the tips of the cone scales of ''[[Araucaria cunninghamii]]'' amount to spikes.}}
  • intramarginal}}''' veins near the margins of this leaf are outlined in white.}}
  • reduplicate}} leaves.}}
  • scabrid}}''' undersurface of the leaf of ''[[Stipa pulcherrima]]''.}}
  • guard cells}}'''.}}
  • Sclereids in gritty particles of pear tissue}}
  • infructescence}} of a strawberry}}
  • Subulate}}''' leaves are narrow with an elongated, tapering tip, as seen on this species of ''[[Aloe]]''.}}
  • Turbinate}}''' (spinning top-shaped) roots of sugar beet}}
  • hypanthium}}.}}
  • raceme}}s'''. The flowers are already open at the bottom; at the top, the axis is still growing and budding.}}
  • adventitious}} buds for [[vegetative reproduction]].}}
  • cauliflory}}'''}}
  • epicalyx}}''' of ''[[Hibiscus sabdariffa]]''}}
  • '''C:''' Cross section of a terete peduncle}}}}
  • adaxial}}'''.}}
  • felted}}'''.}}
  • chloroplast}}s''' are simple in shape. Chloroplasts of ''[[Spirogyra]]'' are helical within the tubular cells of their algal filaments.}}
  • epiphloedal}}''' '''epiphyte''' on a tree trunk that is also infested with an epiphloedal [[foliose lichen]]}}
  • '''Jugate''' fruit of ''[[Tabernaemontana elegans]]''}}
  • pit}}s''' in the tracheid walls.}}
  • kettle trap}}s''' of a pitcher plant}}
  • mycelium}} that penetrates the dead wood and digests it.}}
  • Glumes}}''' of a grass species with a fairly large inflorescence}}
  • Verticillaster}}''' of ''[[Salvia yangii]]''}}
  • Veronica sublobata]]''}}
  • abscission}}'''}}
  • hairs}}''' on plant leaves}}
  • ternate}} leaf of a ''[[Vigna]]'' species}}
  • nodes}} of ''[[Viscum capense]]''}}
  • haustorium}}''' of ''Viscum capense'' renders the end of the branch stunted compared to the lower part of the branch.}}
  • emergent}}''' [[aquatic vegetation]].}}
  • Watershoot}}s'''}}
  • adnate}}''' attachment to the petal}}
  • dentate}} points fringing the immature leaf of a grapevine}}
  • habit}} unusual in so large a plant species.}}
  • plicate}}'''.}}
  • awn}}s'''}}
  • drag]], thereby improving wind dispersal.}}
  • Buttress root}}''' of a mature [[elm]]}}
  • Radicle}}s''' emerging from germinating seeds}}
  • dicotyledon}}'''.}}
  • spathe}}''' around the spadix of ''[[Zantedeschia aethiopica]]''}}
  • coleoptile}}}}}}
  • floret}}s''', [[ray floret]]s and [[disk floret]]s.}}
  • Denticulate}}''' leaves of ''[[Ziziphus mauritiana]]''}}
  • Sporangia}}''' of the fungus ''[[Rhizopus]]''}}
  • carpopodium}}''' at the base of the achene-like fruit of ''[[Zyzyura mayana]]'', Asteraceae}}
WIKIMEDIA GLOSSARY LIST ARTICLE
Floret; Incomplete flower; Urceolate; Coriaceous; Conflorescence; Utricle (fruit); Midrib; Caespitose; Corious; Nom. inval.; Botanical terms; Lauroide; Olim (botany); Glossary of botany; Glossary of botany terms; Lauroid; Hypocarpium; Calyculus; List of botanical terms; Drip tip; Opera utique oppressa; Opus utique oppressum; Opus utique oppr.; Costa (botany); Cilia (botany); Drip-tip; Ortet; Biloculate; Acaulescent; Perigonium; Pluriflor; Runcinatus; Decussant; Botanical terminology; Elliptic (leaf); Decumbent; Nomen invalidum; Anatropous; Histeranthous; Hysteranthous; Canaliculated; Campanulate; Infundibulorm; Lacerate; Declinate; Florets; Entire margin; Acute (botany); Entire (botany); Pinna (botany); Foliate; Pistillate flower; Pistillate flowers; Lenticular (botany); Ascending (botany); Beak (botany); Funnel-shaped; Funnelform; Truss (botany); Nerve (botany); Axillary (botany); Appressed; Oblique (botany); Cespitose; Scabrous; Spathulate; Crisped; Appendiculate; Bisulcate; Subglobose; Tricuspidate; Attenuation (botany); Geophilous; Aphananthous; Semaphylls; Pendulous; Papillose; Verticillate; Midvein; Runcinate leaf; Amplexicaul leaf; Decompound leaf; Erose leaf; Nom inval.; Papillate; Semipapillate; Umbo (botany); Apophysis (botany); Erose; Cupuliform; Brevideciduous; Ovate (botany); Stellate (botany); Scabrid; Chartaceous; Trigonous; Dichotomous branching; Dichotomous branches; Scapose; Cirrhose; Haplostemonous; Obdiplostemonous; Caulescent; Exserted; Calcarate; Rostellate; Chasmophyte; Globose (botany); Epicalyx; Wing (botany); Scarious; Vitta (botany); Abaxial (botany); Adaxial (botany); Lamina (botany); Glossary of plant terms; Reflexed (botany); Hypocrateriform; Fissure (botany); Striate (botany); Synanthous; Distal (botany); Gamophyllous; Digitiform; Ray (botany); Spicate; Bullate; Filiform (botany); Cylindrical (botany); Lamella (botany); Intramarginal; Unipapillose
·p.a. ·Alt. of Lacerated.
II. Lacerate ·vt To Tear; to Rend; to separate by tearing; to Mangle; as, to lacerate the flesh. Hence: To afflict; to Torture; as, to lacerate the heart.
Examples of use of Lacerate
1. John Edwards, after building a campaign in part around ending poverty, has begun to lacerate Sen.
2. Extracts from his diary, carried in The Guardian, a UK newspaper, describe how interrogators repeatedly used a scalpel to lacerate his chest and genitals.
3. The lunatic regime of an economically anemic and culturally primitive nation felt free to disdain the interests and lacerate the sentiments of a vibrant democracy with a muscular economy.
4. That‘s why legal aid matters and we should defend it, not lacerate it in the name of the market. freedland@guardian.co.uk Advertiser links Webfeeds Comment is free About webfeeds Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2006.
5. But the Nation‘s first response also warns us not to be too quick to lacerate ourselves with cries of anarchy or too ready to delude ourselves with empty promises of law and order at any cost.
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